Biomeme
Pathway Reference

NAD+ / NMN
Pathway Genes

Status varies by ingredient

Biomeme does not prescribe, supply, recommend or evaluate this therapy. This page describes which genes it acts on, not whether you should take it.

NAD+ is the co-substrate consumed by sirtuins and PARP1, and NMN is one of its precursors. Raising NAD+ availability affects those enzymes' activity rather than their gene transcription (PMIDs 33353981, 22921416). A transcript panel does not measure intracellular NAD+.

Nicotinamide riboside is marketed as a dietary supplement. NMN's status as a dietary ingredient is contested, and Biomeme makes no representation about it.

Molecular Mechanism

Activating NAD+-Dependent Enzymes

NAD+ is consumed as a co-substrate by sirtuins and PARP enzymes during deacetylation and DNA repair. Precursors such as NMN and nicotinamide riboside enter cellular NAD+ biosynthesis pathways.

This panel reports the transcription of SIRT1, SIRT3, PPARGC1A, PARP1 and NAMPT. A transcript panel does not measure intracellular NAD+ levels or enzyme activity.

Key Target Genes

SIRT1 / SIRT3

Sirtuins 1 & 3 Deacetylation Signaling

NAD+-dependent enzymes that deacetylate histones and mitochondrial proteins to promote metabolic health.

PPARGC1A

PGC-1α Mitochondrial Biogenesis

Activated downstream of sirtuin signaling to drive organelle replication and respiratory transcription.

PARP1

Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 DNA Repair

Utilizes NAD+ directly to repair single-strand DNA damage, preserving genome integrity.

NAMPT

Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase NAD+ Salvage Pathway

Rate-limiting enzyme that recycles nicotinamide back into NAD+; upregulated to maintain pool levels.

Platform & Processing

The Biomeme Molecular Ecosystem

From deep whole-transcriptome sequencing in the laboratory to rapid point-of-care instrumentation in the field.

Central Laboratory Testing

High-Depth RNA Sequencing

Processed at One Health Labs, Biomeme's CLIA-certified laboratory, using Illumina NovaSeq high-depth paired-end RNA sequencing. Samples are collected in venous PAXgene blood RNA tubes to stabilize cellular transcription at the moment of draw.

Deployable Hardware

Biomeme/5 Handheld Platform

Beyond central-lab genomics, Biomeme engineers patented, battery-powered real-time PCR instruments. Our deployable hardware brings decentralized molecular detection directly to the field and clinical points of care.

Scientific Citations (2)

  • [1] Bai P, Cantó C. The role of PARP-1 and PARP-2 enzymes in metabolic regulation and disease. Cell Metab. 2012;16(3):290-295.
  • [2] Covarrubias AJ, Perrone R, Grozio A, Verdin E. NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021;22(2):119-141.
The Science Behind the Data

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ABOUT THESE PANELS

Biomeme's wellness transcriptomic panels are general wellness products. They report gene activity to support a healthy lifestyle. They are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, mitigate or prevent any disease or condition, and they are not a substitute for evaluation by a licensed healthcare professional. Results describe the state of the measured transcripts at the moment the sample was taken.